音乐 - 速度和力度
音乐速度标记
| Tempo | 中文 | BPM | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Larghissimo | 极端地缓慢 | < 24 | very, very slow, almost droning |
| Grave | 庄严的慢板 | 25–45 | slow and solemn |
| Lento | 缓板 / 慢板 | 45–60 | slowly |
| Largo | 广板 | 40–60 | slow and broad |
| Larghetto | 甚缓板 | 60–66 | rather broadly, and still quite slow |
| Adagio | 柔板 | 66–76 | another popular slow tempo, "at ease" |
| Adagietto | 颇慢 | 72–76 | rather slow |
| Andante moderato | 中慢板 | 92–112 | a bit slower than andante |
| Andante | 行板 | 76–108 | “at a walking pace” |
| Andantino | 稍快的行板 | 80–108 | slightly faster than andante |
| Moderato | 中板 | 108–120 | moderately |
| Allegretto | 稍快板 / 小快板 | 112–120 | moderately fast (but less so than allegro) |
| Allegro moderato | 愉快的急速 | 112–124 | moderately quick |
| Allegro | 快板 | 120–168 | perhaps the most frequently used tempo marking |
| Vivace | 活泼的快板 | 156–176 | lively and fast |
| Vivacissimo | 非常快的快板 | 172–176 | very fast and lively, even faster than vivace |
| Allegrissimo | 极快的快板 | 172–176 | very fast |
| Presto | 急板 | 168–200 | very fast |
| Prestissimo | 最急板 | > 200 | extremely fast |
音乐力度标记
ppp: Piano pianissimo 最弱、极弱pp: Pianissimo 很弱p: Piano, 弱mp: Mezzo piano, 中弱、次弱mf: Mezzo forte, 中强f: Forte, 强ff: Fortissimo, 很强、次强fff: Forte fortissimo, 最强
力度变化
- Crescendo /
cres.：渐强 - Diminuendo /
dim.：渐弱 - Crescendo poi diminuendo：渐强后渐弱
- Meno forte：稍强
- Sforzando / Sforzito /
sfz：突强，sudden, strong emphasis - Subito forte
sf/ Subito fortissimosff：突强 - Subito piano
sp：突弱 - Rinforzando /
rfz：加强 - Poco a poco forte：慢慢渐强
- Poco a poco piano：慢慢渐弱
- Più Forte：更强
- Forte piano /
fp：强后突弱
一些意大利注释
-etto词缀表示“小”的意思。比如Allegro是快板，Allegretto是小快板，比快板稍慢。-endo/-ando词缀表示动名词，相当于英语里的-ing，比如Diminuendo相当于Decreasing。-issimo词缀表示非常，extremely。例如Vivacissimo比Vivace更快。- Poco表示一点电，Meno表示少，Più表示多。
- Subito表示Suddenly