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介词

介词即 Prepositions, 简称为 prep, 介词一般用于名词或者代词前面,表示其与句中其它词之间的关系。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,介词和宾语组成的介宾短语在句中作状语,表语,补语,定语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词、数量介词和其他介词。

表示时间

表示在某一时间

常用介词有 at, on, in 等,如:

  • at 1:15 / night / the weekend
  • on Monday / June 24th / Valentine's Day
  • in July / the spring / the morning

表示某一时间段

常用介词有 during, for, over, within, throughout, from, to, between 等,如:

  • during that summer
  • for two days
  • over 10 years
  • within this month
  • throughout the whole year
  • from Monday to Friday
  • between 1 and 1:20

表示时间前后等其它概念

常用介词有 before, after, since, until, till, by, up to, around, over 等。

  • before表示在...之前,如: before 2020
  • after表示在...之后,如: after this meeting
  • since表示自从...以来,常用在完成式的句中,如: since last year
  • until/till表示直到...,如: until/till next month
  • by表示到...为止,如: by the end of September
  • around表示...左右,如: around 6 o'clock
  • over表示超过...,如: over a month

表示方位

常用介词有 at, in, on, to, above, over, below, under, in front of, in the front of, next to /beside /by,behind, after, between 等

  • at表示在小地方,“在...附近,旁边”,如: at the airport

  • in表示在大地方,“在...范围之内”,如: in Beijing

  • on表示在...上面,在物体上面并与之接触,如: on the table

  • to 表示在...范围外,在...方向,或到...,不强调是否接触,如: to the west

  • above指在...上方,但与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触,与 below 相对,如:The bird is flying above my head.

  • over指垂直的上方,但与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触,与 under 相对,如:There is a bridge over the river.

  • below指在...下方,但不一定正下方,如:Please write your name below the line.

  • under指在...正下方,如:There is a cat under the table.

in front ofin the front of都是指是“在...前面”,但不同的是 A in front of B 指的是 A 在 B 的前方,但两者不相交,互不包括,其反义词是 behind; 而 A in the front of B 指的是 A 在 B 的前部,A 是在 B 的内部的,其反义词是 at the back of. 如:

  • There is a pool in front of our house.
  • Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom.

behind表示在...后面,与之相近的还有 after, 但 behind 常用来表示静止的物体,而 after 常用来表示有先后顺序的、动态的两个物体。如:

  • Did you see the boy behind the tree?
  • They are running after the thief.

beside表示在...旁边,与之相近的还有 next toby, 如: Sit beside/ next to/ by me.

between表示在...和...之间,一般与 and 连用,形成 between A and B 的句型,如: I'm between 1st Street and 2nd Street.

表示原因

表示原因常用的介词有 for, as, since 等,如:

  • I did it for a reason.
  • I can help you as /since I'm a teacher.

表示方法

常用介词有 by, with, without, through 等,如:

  • I go to work by bus.
  • Let's cut it open with this knife.
  • I can't live without you.
  • We can solve it through this way.

表示数量

表示数量的常用介词有 about/around, over 等,如:

  • There are about/around 100 people in the store.
  • I got over 1000 comments on this post.

表示进行

有些介词作表语时,还可以表示正在进行的动作,如:

  • I'm at work.
  • Everything is on fire!
  • The road is under construction.
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