日语 - 比较

あの vs あのう

• あの/ano = “that”
• あのう/anou = “umm…”

まだ vs また vs もう

• また：again，再一次，此外。表示重复已经发生过的动作、行为.
• まだ：still，或“还没有”，表示一件事情一直持续，还没结束，后续比较常用否定，可以翻译为“仍然、还”。

もう, 已经, is used when there is a change of state, while まだ is used when the situation remains unchanged.

もういる is "he's already here (but he wasn't before)", and もう帰った would be "he's already left (but he used to be here)". So, his state has changed from being here to not being here or vice versa; the status quo has changed.

まだいる, then, is "(he was here before and) he's still here", and まだいない would be "(he was not here before and) he's (still) not here yet". Here, his state of being here or not is the same as it was before. The status quo is maintained.

寒い vs 冷たい

两个词都表示冷。

• "samui / さむい" (寒い) 描述空气或天气的冷，用在讨论季节和具体天气。对应“暖かい”（あたたかい）。
• "tsumetai / つめたい" (冷たい) 描述具体的，可以触摸到的物体的冷。 如食物，冰水等。对应“熱い”（あつい）。